What Are Growth Factors?
Growth Factor enhanced bone grafts are a manufactured (genetically engineered) version of a natural protein normally found in small quantities in the body, which regulates bone healing and growth.
INFUSE BONE GRAFT: A Growth factor BONE GRAFTING OPTION FROM MEDTRONIC
Infuse™ Bone Graft stimulates the growth of bone-forming cells, manufacturing new bone to replace or heal existing bone. The active ingredient in Infuse Bone Graft is rhBMP-2.
Infuse Bone Graft is approved for certain spine and orthopedic trauma surgeries. For these surgeries, it can offer several benefits, including eliminating the need to harvest bone from the patient's body in a secondary procedure, shorter operating times, and less blood loss.1
HOW DOES INFUSE BONE GRAFT WORK?
Infuse Bone Graft tells your body to make its own bone:
- Infuse Bone Graft is surgically placed where you need bone to grow.
- A protein signal is sent out to the body to recruit cells to that area.
- Those cells are changed into
bone building cells. - Bone building cells begin making your own bone in that area.
BENEFITS OF INFUSE BONE GRAFT
Infuse Bone Graft has been proven clinically safe and effective for bone formation. It offers several benefits:
- You don’t need a second surgery to harvest bone from another place in your body.
- Bone grows where Infuse Bone Graft is placed.
- Bone growth results are proven and predictable.
- Infuse Bone Graft directs your body to grow your own bone. There is no residual graft material after bone is formed.
CLINICAL RESEARCH SHOWS EFFECTIVENESS OF INFUSE BONE GRAFT1
Infuse Bone Graft was tested in large-scale clinical trials involving patients who had certain spine, trauma, or dental surgery. For the spine procedures, patients were randomly selected to use Infuse Bone Graft or an alternative treatment — many of which used bone that was harvested from the hip, called autograft.
The spine trials showed that Infuse Bone Graft is just as effective as traditional surgical techniques that use autograft. During the clinical trial, other advantages surfaced as well:
- On average, the Infuse Bone Graft group lost less blood than autograft recipients.
- Operating times were shorter for patients using Infuse Bone Graft because they didn't require a second surgery site to harvest autograft.
- Rates of fusion, although not statistically significant, were 94.5% in the Infuse Bone Graft group and 88.7% in the autograft group at 24 months.
- Infuse Bone Graft was found to be safe and effective.
- Infuse Bone Graft eliminated pain and complications related to a secondary bone harvesting procedure.
WHAT ARE THE DRAWBACKS OF USING INFUSE BONE GRAFT?
There are some risks associated with Infuse Bone Graft:
- It has not been studied for use in patients under 18 years of age.
- It cannot be used in patients with an active infection at the defect site.
- It should not be used in pregnant women, women who plan to become pregnant in the next 12 months, or women who are nursing.
- It should not be used in people with immune deficiencies due to other treatments, such as radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or steroid therapy.
▪In an experimental rabbit study, rhBMP-2 has been shown to elicit antibodies that are capable of crossing the placenta. Reduced ossification of the frontal and parietal bones of the skull was noted infrequently (<3%) in fetuses of rabbit dams immunized to rhBMP-2; however, there was no effect noted in limb bud development. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in human pregnant women. Women of child bearing potential should be warned by their surgeon of potential risk to a fetus and informed of other possible orthopedic treatments.
▪Women of childbearing potential should be advised that antibody formation to rhBMP-2 or its influence on fetal development has not been completely assessed. In the clinical trial supporting the safety and effectiveness of the Infuse™ Bone Graft/LT-Cage™ Lumbar Tapered Fusion Device, 2/277 (0.7%) patients treated with Infuse™ Bone Graft component and 1/127 (0.8%) patients treated with autograft bone developed antibodies to rhBMP-2. The effect of maternal antibodies to rhBMP-2, as might be present for several months following device implantation, on the unborn fetus is unknown. Additionally, it is unknown whether fetal expression of BMP-2 could re-expose mothers who were previously antibody positive. Theoretically, re-exposure may elicit a more powerful immune response to BMP-2 with possible adverse consequences for the fetus. However, pregnancy did not lead to an increase in antibodies in the rabbit study. Studies in genetically altered mice indicate that BMP-2 is critical to fetal development and that a lack of BMP-2 activity may cause neonatal death or birth defects. It is not known if anti-BMP-2 antibodies may affect fetal development or the extent to which these antibodies may reduce BMP-2 activity.
▪Infuse™ Bone Graft should not be used immediately prior to or during pregnancy. Women of childbearing potential should be advised not to become pregnant for one year following treatment with the Infuse™ Bone Graft/Medtronic Interbody Fusion Device.
▪The safety and effectiveness of the Infuse™ Bone Graft/Medtronic Interbody Fusion Device in nursing mothers has not been established. It is not known if BMP-2 is excreted in human milk.
▪Women of childbearing potential should be advised that antibody formation to rhBMP-2 or its influence on fetal development has not been completely assessed. In the clinical trial supporting the safety and effectiveness of the Infuse™ Bone Graft/LT-Cage™ Lumbar Tapered Fusion Device, 2/277 (0.7%) patients treated with Infuse™ Bone Graft component and 1/127 (0.8%) patients treated with autograft bone developed antibodies to rhBMP-2. The effect of maternal antibodies to rhBMP-2, as might be present for several months following device implantation, on the unborn fetus is unknown. Additionally, it is unknown whether fetal expression of BMP-2 could re-expose mothers who were previously antibody positive. Theoretically, re-exposure may elicit a more powerful immune response to BMP-2 with possible adverse consequences for the fetus. However, pregnancy did not lead to an increase in antibodies in the rabbit study. Studies in genetically altered mice indicate that BMP-2 is critical to fetal development and that a lack of BMP-2 activity may cause neonatal death or birth defects. It is not known if anti-BMP-2 antibodies may affect fetal development or the extent to which these antibodies may reduce BMP-2 activity.
▪Infuse™ Bone Graft should not be used immediately prior to or during pregnancy. Women of childbearing potential should be advised not to become pregnant for one year following treatment with the Infuse™ Bone Graft/Medtronic Interbody Fusion Device.
▪The safety and effectiveness of the Infuse™ Bone Graft/Medtronic Interbody Fusion Device in nursing mothers has not been established. It is not known if BMP-2 is excreted in human milk.
SPINAL INDICATIONS
BRIEF SUMMARY OF INDICATIONS, CONTRAINDICATIONS, AND WARNINGS FOR:
Infuse™ Bone Graft/LT-Cage™ Lumbar Tapered Fusion Device
Infuse™ Bone Graft/Inter Fix™ Threaded Fusion Device
Infuse™ Bone Graft/Inter Fix™ RP Threaded Fusion Device
Infuse™ Bone Graft/Perimeter™ Interbody Fusion Device
Infuse™ Bone Graft/Clydesdale™ Spinal System
Infuse™ Bone Graft/Divergence-L™ Anterior/Oblique Lumbar Fusion System
Infuse™ Bone Graft/Pivox™ Oblique Lateral Spinal System
The Infuse™ Bone Graft/Medtronic Interbody Fusion Device is indicated for spinal fusion procedures in skeletally mature patients with degenerative disc disease (DDD) at one level from L2-S1, who may also have up to Grade I spondylolisthesis or Grade 1 retrolisthesis at the involved level.
The following interbody devices and surgical approaches may be used with Infuse™ Bone Graft:
- The LT-Cage™ Lumbar Tapered Fusion Device, implanted via an anterior open or an anterior laparoscopic approach at a single level.
- The Inter Fix™ or Inter Fix™ RP Threaded Fusion Device, implanted via an anterior open approach at a single level.
- The Perimeter™ Interbody Fusion Device implanted via a retroperitoneal anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) at a single level from L2-S1 or an oblique lateral interbody fusion (OLIF) approach at a single level from L5-S1.
- The Clydesdale™ Spinal System, implanted via an OLIF approach at a single level from L2-L5.
- The Divergence-L™ Anterior/Oblique Lumbar Fusion System interbody device implanted via an ALIF approach at a single level from L2-S1 or an OLIF approach at a single level from L5-S1.
- The Pivox™ Oblique Lateral Spinal System implanted via an OLIF approach at a single-level from L2-L5.
The Infuse™ Bone Graft/Medtronic Interbody Fusion Device consists of two components containing three parts – a spinal fusion cage, a recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein, and a carrier/scaffold for the bone morphogenetic protein and resulting bone. These components must be used as a system for the prescribed indication described above. The bone morphogenetic protein solution component must not be used without the carrier/scaffold component or with a carrier/scaffold component different from the one described in this document. The Infuse™ Bone Graft component must not be used without the Medtronic Interbody Fusion Device component.
NOTE: The Inter Fix™ Threaded Fusion Device and the Inter Fix™ RP Threaded Fusion Device may be used together to treat a spinal level. The LT-Cage™ Lumbar Tapered Fusion Device, the Perimeter™ Interbody Fusion Device, the Clydesdale™ Spinal System, the Divergence-L™ Anterior/Oblique Lumbar Fusion System, and the Pivox™ Oblique Lateral Spinal System implants are not to be used in conjunction with either the Inter Fix™ OR Inter Fix™ RP implants to treat a spinal level.
The Infuse™ Bone Graft/Medtronic Interbody Fusion Device is contraindicated for patients with a known hypersensitivity to recombinant human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2, bovine Type I collagen, or to other components of the formulation and should not be used in the vicinity of a resected or extant tumor, in patients with any active malignancy, or patients undergoing treatment for a malignancy; in patients who are skeletally immature; in pregnant women; or in patients with an active infection at the operative site or with an allergy to titanium, titanium alloy, or polyetheretherketone (PEEK).
There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in human pregnant women. In an experimental rabbit study, rhBMP-2 has been shown to elicit antibodies that are capable of crossing the placenta. Women of child bearing potential should be warned by their surgeon of potential risk to a fetus and informed of other possible orthopedic treatments. The safety and effectiveness of this device has not been established in nursing mothers. Women of child- bearing potential should be advised to not become pregnant for one year following treatment with this device.
Please see the Infuse™ Bone Graft package insert for the complete list of indications, warnings, precautions, adverse events, clinical results, definition of DDD, and other important medical information. The package insert also matches the sizes of those sized devices that are indicated for use with the appropriate Infuse™ Bone Graft kit. An electronic version of the package insert may be found at www.medtronic.com/manuals.
CAUTION: Federal (USA) law restricts this device to sale by or on the order of a physician with appropriate training or experience.
TIBIA TRAUMA INDICATIONS
BRIEF SUMMARY OF INDICATIONS, CONTRAINDICATIONS, AND WARNINGS FOR:
INFUSE™ BONE GRAFT
Infuse Bone Graft is indicated for treating acute, open tibial shaft fractures that have been stabilized with IM nail fixation after appropriate wound management. Infuse Bone Graft must be applied within 14 days after the initial fracture. Prospective patients should be skeletally mature.
Infuse Bone Graft consists of two components – recombinant human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 solution and a carrier/scaffold for the bone morphogenetic protein solution and resulting bone. These components must be used as a system. The bone morphogenetic protein solution component must not be used without the carrier/scaffold component or with a carrier/scaffold component different from the one described in this document.
Infuse Bone Graft is contraindicated for patients with a known hypersensitivity to recombinant human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2, bovine Type I collagen or to other components of the formulation and should not be used in the vicinity of a resected or extant tumor, in patients with an active malignancy or patients undergoing treatment for a malignancy. Infuse Bone Graft should also not be used in patients who are skeletally immature, in patients with an inadequate neurovascular status, in patients with compartment syndrome of the affected limb, in pregnant women, or in patients with an active infection at the operative site.
There are no adequate and well controlled studies in human pregnant women. In an experimental rabbit study, rhBMP-2 has been shown to elicit antibodies that are capable of crossing the placenta. Women of child bearing potential should be warned by their surgeon of potential risk to a fetus and informed of other possible orthopedic treatments. The safety and effectiveness of this device has not been established in nursing mothers. Women of child-bearing potential should be advised to not become pregnant for one year following treatment with this device.
Please see the package insert for the complete list of indications, warnings, precautions, adverse events, clinical results, and other important medical information.
CAUTION: Federal (USA) law restricts this device to sale by or on the order of a physician with appropriate training or experience.
1
Burkus, et al. Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion Using rhBMP-2 With Tapered Interbody Cages. J Spinal Disorders. 2002; 15(5):337-349.