Overview
In order to determine the potential patient pathway, a healthcare team will use one or more of a variety of possible diagnostic tests. They will also consider any other conditions present.
Diagnostic Procedures
There are several diagnostic tests that can help in diagnosing hydrocephalus. These same studies can also help evaluate the shunt in case of malfunction or infection.
Ultrasound
A sophisticated method of outlining structures within the head using high-frequency sound waves, ultrasound can be used only in infants whose fontanelles are open, since the skull otherwise blocks sound waves.
Computed Tomography
Computed Tomography (CT) scans use tiny beams of x-ray to outline the skull, brain, and ventricles. In addition to visualising the size and shape of the ventricles, abnormalities such as tumours, cysts, and other pathology can also be seen.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive diagnostic tool that uses radio signals and a magnet to form computer images of the brain and the ventricles.
Cisternography
Cisternography is a test requiring injection of a small amount of radioactive material into the cerebrospinal fluid. Cisternography differentiates communicating from obstructive hydrocephalus, and determines cerebrospinal fluid flow.
Angiography
Angiography is a specialised technique in which “contrast material” is injected into the arteries supplying the brain. Abnormal blood vessel problems or pathological lesions can be detected with this technique.
Neuropsychological Tests
This series of questions and answers helps the healthcare team determine if hydrocephalus is causing a decrease in brain functioning.
Lumbar Infusion Test
With this specialised technique, fluid is injected into the lumbar area of the spine. This procedure is used for individuals with normal pressure hydrocephalus to determine their cerebrospinal fluid absorptive capacity.
Controlled Lumbar Drainage
A technique used to externally drain cerebrospinal fluid. The test is used to determine if an individual with normal pressure hydrocephalus will improve if a shunt is implanted.